specifies a direct RF power injection test for determining the immunity of electronic components of passenger cars and commercial vehicles to electrical disturbances from narrowband electromagnetic energy, regardless of the propulsion system (e.g. spark-ignition engine, diesel engine, electric motor). The test method, which involves providing differential mode excitation to the DUT (device under test), is applicable to all DUT leads except RF Ground. Applicable over the frequency range to , the method can be used to predict the compatibility in the vehicle environment with respect to radiated and conducted RF energy, including conducted transient RF energy, and is especially useful as a means of isolating the susceptible circuits within a DUT and evaluating potential solutions.